PAPER PRESENTATION
ON
INDIA: VISION
AND STRATEGY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR 2050
BY
SANJAYKUMAR VASOYA
BIOTECHNOLOGIST
HEAD, RESEARCH TEAM
VELLAGE EDUCATION
& HEALTH RESEARCH ORGANIZATION
MOB: +254731865085
KENYA
+255789785434
TANZANIA
+919737646411 INDIA
Email: sanju_biotech@ymail.com
INDEX
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Background of Biovision 2050
4. Vision and strategy for biotechnology Sector
(Biovision-2050)
1) Genetic modified food
2) Human genome project
3) Agricultural biotechnology
4) Industrial biotechnology
5) Medical biotechnology
5. Obstacles and Fears
6. Conclusion
7. Bibliography
8. Reference
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ABSTRACT
The world scenario is constantly and
rapidly changing. Biotechnology is considering as a next wave of technological
change which was brought about by information technology by early 1990s.Before
25 years no one knew that innovation of computers and mobiles will change the
definition of world. On the other side world population is expected to reach
over 10 million in the year 2050, while agricultural production is growing at
slower rate about 1.8%.More people die in world from diseases related to
malnutrition and incurable diseases like cancer and AIDS. India and china where
population growth is much higher, many new diseases are spreading and we can
not neglect the possibility of threat of food shortage in future, in such
situation biotechnology needs to be implemented in all walks of life. Achievements
in biotechnology have already surpassed all previous expectation. Full
realization of biotechnology revolution depends on innovative research and development
activities which should be done constantly on convenient
climate and public acceptance. For a country like India, biotechnology is a
powerful enabling technology that can revolutionize agriculture, heath care,
industrial processing and environmental sustainability.
Peter.F.Drucker,
author of many in management books said, “Trying to predict the future is like
trying to drive down a country road at night with no lights while looking out
the back windows”. Thus, this paper does not put in an effort to predict future
of biotechnology, rather it is an attempt to find out which major forces will affect
and change future and how could future scenario look like. The field like
biotechnology is changing rapidly and to predict long term or short term
developments program is quite difficult. In the year 2050, the world would be
very different places than it is now. A couple of decades into the new century,
everything would be different whether it is technology, science, management
scenario, society, life style etc.
Biotechnology
mainly recognized as a sunrise industry is rapidly growing and it gives many promises
to society. The past and continuing development in biotechnology clearly
reveals the scenario of few decades ahead. The research and innovation in
biotechnology itself suggest the scene of different India from now. If we
discuss about the business aspects then the Indian biotechnology sector is
being considered as an emerging investment
opportunities. Over the last two decades this
sector has developed through a number of industrial initiatives. In Indian
market, biotechnology products and vaccines constitute a good part and many
people get benefits due to various product.
Biotechnology means “use of technology to improve life
sciences”. Or “Biotechnology is the application of biological organism, systems
or process to manufactures and service industries”. Various micro organisms
such as bacteria or yeast, or biological substance like enzyme, protein or DNA is
used to perform specific industrial or manufacturing process. The application
of biotechnology is vast. In India biotechnology is developed during last decades
and research on inventing new technology is going on or it can be said that
biotechnology in India is in the experimental phase. It can be said that the influence
of biotechnology will totally change India around 2050.
BACKGROUND OF BIOVISION
2050
Advanced
in biotechnology and genetic engineering is not only for the people and society
but it will reshape many sectors in the Indian economy like agri-business, chemicals, health care, pharmaceuticals, energy,
computing etc.. Many new drugs and genetic modified products are discovered and
market for it is also increased. The future of biotechnology will not be determined
only by technology alone, but also by the public opinion and other relevant
issues like ethics, its influence on society etc.
Biotechnology
is a sector from which government and public expects a lot because of its
influence on society. It will definitely change the India but before that it is
important to have an answer of questions like what will be the impact of
biotechnology on society as well as on economy? Which new innovation or discoveries
will take place in coming years? Which obstacles can be disturbed the
development of future? The answers of these questions can make a proper way for
achieving a goal of India in 2050 because current background and present
situation gives a clear idea of future. The creativity of scientist and basic
research curiosity will be the key of future success. By viewing current
scenario of biotechnology it can be said that it will help to both society as
well as business.
VISION AND STRATEGY FOR
BIOTECHNOLOGY SECTOR-BIOVISION 2050
Biotechnology is also helpful to another
sectors like pharmaceutical, chemical, textiles, agricultural industries etc.
Within 2050, various application of biotechnology like genetic modified food, human
genome project, medical biotechnology, agricultural biotechnology, industrial
biotechnology will change situation of India. It will also create employment
generation and expand intellectual, skillful entrepreneurial opportunities. It
would be interested to know how every application of biotechnology influence
the future of India and change the scenario.
1. GENETIC MODIFIED FOOD
(GMO)
Genetic modification is a special set of technology to
modify the genetic make up of the organism such as animals, plants or bacteria.
Combining genes from different organism and to obtain GM product (it is in underdevelopment
stage) likes medicine and vaccines.
The time
is near when we can see the crops which will be insects and herbicides
resistance, fruits which have our desired colors and nutrients. There are some
countries who have already started the production of genetic modified crop includes
U.S, Argentina, Brazil, India. Canada etc. The next few decades will see
exponential progress in GM product development.
In future,
we can see the crop which has enhanced taste and quality, with rich nutrients
and stress tolerance, improved resistance to disease, pests and herbicides. Animals which yields much quality meat,
eggs, and milk. Improved diagnostic method will helpful to animal heath. Bio plastics
and bio fertilizer will take place of chemical plastics and fertilizer which are easily degradable. So in
future, better environment condition and better natural waste management system
will help to reduce pollution. GM product will ultimately affect to economy
because GM products can be produced by using less resources, less raw material
and it gives quality product.
STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT
1) Technology offers dramatic promise for meeting some of
the greatest challenges. Genetic modification also pose some of problems like safety
of human health, ethical issues like
stress for animals, tampering with
nature by mixing genes among species, food security. So improvement of GM food
is important but at the same time equal importance should be given to resolve
such problems.
2) Encouragement given to discoveries of new genes for
making a product better
3) More laboratories and gene bank should be developed.
2. HUMAN GENOME PROJECT
Human
genome project is revolutionary step in mankind prosperity. Technology and
resources generated by human genome project are having great impact on research
across life science.
The human genome project was an
internationally scientific research project with a primary goal to determine
the map of approximately 20,000-25,000 human genes and chemical base pairs
which makes of DNA. It was begin in 1990 and gets completed in June 2003, with
further analysis still being published. The main objective of human genome
project is to understand the genetic make up of human species.
The Human genome project is completed
but interpretation of collected data is being still in the initial stages. The
detail of human genome provides new advancement in medical and biotechnology.
In future, there would easy ways to administer genetic
tests that easily show a variety of illness including some incurable diseases
like cancers, liver diseases, Alzheimer’s diseases. The study of DNA sequences
is also opening new avenues in the study of evolution. So in future we can have
the answer of most complicated and interesting question, how life is existed on
the earth?
Due to potential effects of human
genome project, in 2050 there would be a permanent use of molecular medicine
which directly deal with human gene and it will identify diseases and also a
treatments to cure the diseases. HGP
also has environmental, agricultural, live stock breeding, and bio processing
application. The main change we can see in few decades ahead due to HGP is that
different parameters of crime activities will change because forensic science
will be strong enough to solve the case and identify the criminal. HGP helps to
identify potential suspects who’s DNA may match with evidences left at crime
scenes. It also helps to identify or exonerate a person wrongly accused in
crime activities. HGP is said to have all this application but implementation
may take long time.
STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT
1) Forensic department should establish education and
training center to guide professionals. Government must encourage forensic
experts to research.
2) Approval of use of molecular medicine practice
3) Other option should be available in case of side
effects of any medical treatment.
3. AGRICULTURAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY
In
agriculture field, biotechnology means use of much less energy and water, and
product we get should be cheaper, more
nutritious and more plentiful. Crops are generally engineered to adapt local
growing condition and to obtain much product. The spectrum of biotechnology in
agriculture is very wide. Agricultural field achieves milestones due to biotechnology. It can be
said that green revolution in India is almost due to biotechnology.
The main application of biotechnology in
agricultural is the production of genetic modified crops which will be insect
resistance, more nutritious, and rich quality. Nowadays the production of BT
cotton and golden rice are increased by various countries. Research is going on
the production of some other plants. In future, we can see so many genetically
modified crops which have our desired characteristics. India is the country
where more importance is given to agriculture, so farmers should trained to use
different technologies and days are not so far when we can see the different
farming styles, and different product like square watermelon, hybrid of tomato
and potato etc..
STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT
1) Training programs for farmers to make them aware about
latest technology as well as to give them knowledge about genetic modified
crops, bio plastics, bio fertilizers.
2) Scientists and research persons should be encouraged
and supported to develop technologies which can easily utilize by farmers.
3) Private and public sectors should work together
4
.INDUSRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
The
development of industrial biotechnology is also very significant. It can be referred
as use of fermentation technology to
produce liquors and beverages. Bio-pesticides, bio-fuel are chemical substances
which obtained by conversion of renewable sources such as sugar or vegetable
oil.
If we think about changes from 2010
to2050, industrial biotechnology will play an important role because of its
ecological advantages. Industries use crude oil and gas as raw material but now
agricultural crops take place of that.
The
roles of biotechnology in different industries enable us to think about changes
take place in future because almost in all industries biotechnology is involved.
Various industries like 1) in health care there will be use of molecular
diagnostic immunoassay 2) Pharmaceutical industry needs molecular drugs 3)
chemical industry needs bio compound and
enzymes 4) food and beverages industry cannot survive without fermentation 5)
paper and pulp industries needs enzymatic bio-pulping, bio-leaching 6) metal
and mining, gas and oil, security and utility everywhere biotechnology is
needed. In India biotechnology is now at initial level so in 2050 some
industries will be totally different.
STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT
1) To grow and nurture cells of yeast and bacteria so it
can easily provide when industries demand.
2) Develop action plans to reduce pollution.
3) Small industries need to be encouraged in this sector.
4)
Product development will
be focused on vaccines, diagnostics, new therapies based on cell and tissue
replacement
5.
MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
By 2050, World will be transformed
totally, most infectious diseases have been entirely disappeared. A vaccine for
Alzheimer’s has greatly increased the chances for older people to live active
life. 95% body parts can be replaceable with laboratory grown organ, and cost
for that would be cheaper. Molecular medicine will be provided to patients on
the basis of his/her genetic system. Gene therapy will bring tremendous change
in the history of medical science. Gene therapy is a therapy which used to cure
disease like cancer by replacing affected gene by new gene. In 2050, there will
be vaccines available for almost all kinds of diseases; it may be in the form of
edible (eatable) vaccines, or DNA vaccines which treats any disease easily.
In coming years, medical biotechnology
may offer a significant possibility for industry to establish strong pharmacy
sector. The Indian vaccine industry is also emerging as a source of low-cost
vaccine. In-vitro fertilization and stem cell therapy is current innovation of
medical biotechnology which will helpful to society and many more technologies
are in an experimental phase.
STRATEGIC
DEVELOPMENTS
1) DNA and stem cell banking facilities should be
created.
2) Regulation for human engineered product
3) Any decision should be taken by balancing ethical
values.
4) Basic and applied research would be supported in
molecular and cellular biology, genomics, and stem cell biology.
OBSTACLES
AND FEARS
Though biotechnology offer dramatic
promise for meeting some of the great challenges of 21st century, it
also posses some problems. The main obstacles in a path of biotechnology
progress are human and environment safety like potential human health impact, spreading
of allergens, transfer of antibiotic effect. It also creates ethical problems
like 1) violation of natural organism 2)tampering with nature by mixing gene
among species 3)give stress to animal etc. Use of genetic food in future is a
debatable topic. In-vitro fertilization and stem cell therapy are also facing
ethical problems. Some applications of biotechnology are bio-fuels and
bioterrorism which may create a problem to environment.
People fear of biotechnology because they
believe that it will harm to their health or environment, cloning will diminish
the dignity of human life and biotechnology will lead to more dangerous society
CONCLUSION
In 21st era, India is
growing in a rapid way. Other countries of the world have much expectation from
India. Biotechnology is emerging sector and this sector has potential to change
scenario of India. So many inventions are taking place nowadays which helps in
progress of India. Biotechnology is applicable in almost every field like
medical, industrial or agricultural. It is sure that proper implementation of
biotechnology in industry, medical or agricultural will bring out the new face
of India. Though there may be some controversies or ethical issues but we
should look at ahead on India’s future and try to provide something better to
next generation.
REFERENCE
1) Department of biotechnology,
India
2) www.genomics.com
3) Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia (genetic modified food and human genome project)
4) Electronic journal of
biotechnology
5) Monsanto company
6) www.sciencedaily.com
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